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''Red Channels: The Report of Communist Influence in Radio and Television'' was an anti-Communist tract published in the United States at the start of the Red Scare. Issued by the right-wing journal ''Counterattack'' on June 22, 1950, the pamphlet-style book names 151 actors, writers, musicians, broadcast journalists, and others in the context of purported Communist manipulation of the entertainment industry. Some of the 151 were already being denied employment because of their political beliefs, history, or association with suspected subversives. ''Red Channels'' effectively placed the rest on the industry blacklist. == ''Counterattack'' == In May 1947, Alfred Kohlberg, an American textile importer and an ardent member of the anti-Communist China Lobby, funded an organization, led by three former FBI agents, called American Business Consultants Inc., which issued a newsletter, ''Counterattack''.〔Nancy E. Bernhard, ''U.S. Television News and Cold War Propaganda, 1947-1960'' (Cambridge University Press, 2003), p.56〕 Kohlberg was also an original national council member of the John Birch Society. 〔https://www.splcenter.org/fighting-hate/intelligence-report/2013/bringing-back-birch〕Red Channels declared purpose was to "expos() the most important aspects of Communist activity in America each week".〔''Red Channels: The Report of Communist Influence in Radio and Television'' (New York: Counterattack, 1950), ad after p.213〕 A special report, ''Red Channels: the Report of Communist Influence in Radio and Television'', was published by ''Counterattack'' in June 1950. The three founder members were: John G. Keenan, company president and the businessman of the trio; Kenneth M. Bierly, who would later become a consultant to Columbia Pictures; and Theodore C. Kirkpatrick, the managing editor of ''Counterattack'' and the group's spokesman. A former Army intelligence major, Francis J. McNamara, was the editor of ''Counterattack''. The introduction to ''Red Channels'', running just over six pages, was written by Vincent Hartnett, an employee of the Phillips H. Lord agency, an independent radio-program production house, or "packager". Hartnett would later found the anti-Communist organization AWARE, Inc.〔Strout (1999), p.2; Doherty (2003), p.8 (Doherty misspells Keenan's name "Keegan"); Miller (1971 ()), pp.83–84; Cogley (1971 ()), pp.3, 18, 25–26; see also ''By Appointment''; Schwartz (1999). Email correspondence with the staff of the ''Authentic History Center'' website (see Sources below) confirms, "Nowhere in the document (Channels'' ) is any author credit given," but Hartnett's contribution was apparently common knowledge at the time and Cogley quotes Hartnett referring to it as "my ''Red Channels''" (p.18). There are many mistaken Internet claims that ''Red Channels'' was co-written by "right-wing television producer Vincent Harnett ". One published text — ''A Charmed Life'' (New York: Carroll & Graf, 2005 ()), by Lynn Haney — makes precisely that assertion, giving no source, and its discussion of ''Red Channels'' is otherwise riddled with errors. Haney states that the tract "claimed (151 listees ) had been members of subversive organizations before the Second World War" (p.163); ''Red Channels'' made no such claim; in fact, it carefully avoids making any direct claims about the listees, but simply records raw data, some of it as recent as May 1950 (see, e.g., "Pete Seeger" entry, ''Red Channels'', p.131). Haney states that those named "had not so far been blacklisted" (''A Charmed Life'', ibid.). In fact, as just one example, radio professional William Sweets, named in ''Red Channels'', had already been blacklisted for a year (see Cogley (), pp.25–28; "Who's Blacklisted?"). As for Hartnett's alleged occupation as a "television producer", his name does not appear at the (Internet Movie Database (IMDb.com) ), with its extensive record of television credits — either under the proper spelling of his name or "Harnett".〕 The 213-page tract, released three years after the House Un-American Activities Committee began investigating purported Communist Party influence in the entertainment field, claims to expose the spread – by means of advocacy of civil rights, academic freedom, and nuclear weapons control – of that influence, in radio and television entertainment. Referring to current television programming, the ''Red Channels'' introduction declares that "()everal commercially sponsored dramatic series are used as sounding boards, particularly with reference to current issues in which the Party is critically interested: "academic freedom", "civil rights", "peace", the H-bomb, etc.... With radios in most American homes and with approximately 5 million TV sets in use, the Cominform and the Communist Party USA now rely more on radio and TV than on the press and motion pictures as "belts" to transmit pro-Sovietism to the American public."〔''Red Channels'', pp.2–3〕 The introduction to ''Red Channels'' described how the Communist Party attracts both financial and political backing from those in the entertainment industry: No cause which seems calculated to arouse support among people in show business is ignored: the overthrow of the Franco dictatorship, the fight against anti-Semitism and Jimcrow, civil rights, world peace, the outlawing of the H-Bomb, are all used. Around such pretended objectives, the hard core of Party organizers gather a swarm of "reliables" and well-intentioned "liberals", to exploit their names and their energies.〔''Red Channels'', pp.3–4〕 ''Red Channels'' served as a vehicle for the expansion of the entertainment industry blacklist that denied employment to a host of artists it considered sympathetic to "subversive" causes, attempted to forestall criticism by claiming that the Communist Party itself engaged in blacklisting, seeing to it that "articulate anti-Communists are blacklisted and smeared with that venomous intensity which is characteristic of Red Fascists alone."〔''Red Channels'', p.4〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Red Channels」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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